渭干河——库车河三角洲绿洲的水资源问题与农业节水潜力分析

建立节水型社会是我国的一项基本政策,也是解决渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲水资源问题可持续利用的战略选择。渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲水资源开发利用中存在的问题:主要由于社会、经济的发展及不合理的用水导致水资源短缺、水资源过度开发,水资源利用效率低、生态环境恶化等。渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲是典型的灌溉农业区,农业灌溉大部分仍采用粗放型的宽河大渠输水、田间大水漫灌方式,灌溉定额普遍偏高,农业节水潜力很大。本文重点定量分析了该绿洲农业用水效益、农业节水潜力,建议农业节水的途径及节水灌溉技术应从骨干工程改造节水、中低产田改造节水、降低地下水位节水、改造作物灌溉制度节水、加强管理节水等几个方面进行。最后提出渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲水资源可持续利用的对策措施。     

柴达木盆地主要河流的水化学特征

为了保护水资源,不仅需要了解人为引起的水质污染状况,而且需要研究河流水体在自然界的循环过程中所形成的水化学特征及其时空变化。本文对柴达木盆地主要河流的水化学特征进行了分析、研究,对水质状况进行了评价。     

European eel distribution and body condition in a river floodplain: effect of longitudinal and lateral connectivity

Abstract – We studied eel population characteristics (size classes, densities and body condition) in the lower Loire River floodplain (France) to evaluate the effects of longitudinal and lateral gradients. A total of 36 sites were electrofished in June 2005. The sites were grouped first into three river segments according to the distance inland corresponding to a longitudinal gradient and secondly into three lateral connectivity categories. Results indicate that small eels, especially those ≤300 mm, were very abundant downstream but density rapidly decreased upstream. In addition, eels ≤150 mm tended to be most abundant in connected waterbodies. Conversely, the distribution of larger eels was quite uniform across both dimensions. Eel condition decreased upstream. In parallel, in downstream river segment, eels had a lower condition in disconnected waterbodies than in connected ones. Eel specialists still have only a longitudinal perception of eel habitat. Our results suggest that lateral gradients should be also taken into consideration.     

Evaluation of three phytoplankton species as food for the pearl oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada fucata</Emphasis>

In the pearl cultivation farms of the Ehime Prefecture, Japan, mass mortalities of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have occurred since 1994. The occurrences of mass mortality roughly coincided with a shift of the dominant phytoplankton from Skeletonema and Chaetoceros to Chaetoceros and Nitzschia all of which belong to Bacillariophyceae. Hence, we evaluated Nitzschia, together with Chaetoceros and Isocrysis, as food for the oyster. Wet weights, lengths, widths, glycogen contents, and growth rates in terms of wet weight of the oysters in all the feeding treatments were significantly higher than those in the non-feeding treatment. The highest glycogen content (2.34%) and growth rate (2.21 g month⁻¹) were found in the Chaetoceros treatment. Growth rate in the Isocrysis treatment (1.63 g month⁻¹) was also high, although glycogen content in this treatment (0.41%) was low. In the Nitzschia treatment, growth rate of the oyster (0.94 g month⁻¹) was the lowest and glycogen content (0.83%) was also low relative to that in the Chaetoceros treatment. Chlorophyll a concentration in fecal pellets was lowest in the Nitzschia treatment (<2.7 μg mg⁻¹), suggesting more complete digestion of Nitzschia by the oyster. Thus, Nitzschia was edible and digestible but not assimilated by P. fucata. We propose the following scenario for the relationship between Nitzschia dominance and mass mortality. When Nitzschia dominates in a culture area, the physiological condition of P. fucata deteriorates due to low assimilation of Nitzschia by the oyster, followed by susceptibility of the oyster to infection by agents lethal to the oyster.     

多路地震波无线检测系统

采用增量调制、移频键控、频分复用等技术实现地震波信号的采集、传输和数据处理。其电路结构简单，工作可靠，信噪比高，抗干扰能力强，测量精确。     

近50年来黄河源区水文要素周期性分析及模拟

寒区水文过程是寒区生态系统中的重要环节之一,水热状况将直接决定高寒地区的生态环境状况.用滑动趋势法和墨西哥帽状小波变化分别获取了研究区域近50年来气候变化的年际年代变化及其周期分析,基于青藏高原太阳辐射平衡已有成果,结合联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙蒂斯模型,对于达日县可能蒸散发进行了数值模拟.得出以下主要结论:近50年来达日县降水年增加率为0.557 mm/a,而该县最大可能蒸散发量的年增加率为0.132 mm/a,气候总体趋势是由干旱向湿润方向发生转变;达日县年气温序列主要呈现20 a、15 a、7 a和5 a的周期振荡,年降水序列表现为15～20 a和7～8 a的周期振荡;近20年来可能蒸散发呈递减的趋势,汛期序列递减率为0.046 7 mm/a,冬春序列递减率为0.108 4 mm/a.     

沈阳市河流生态建设项目实施建议

近年来,因干旱少雨等自然灾害影响及人类生产活动对环境的破坏,致使一些中小河流生态功能遭到不同程度的破坏。结合沈阳市近年来河流生态建设的实施情况,从工程措施和生物措施两方面详细介绍了针对不同河流状况的生态建设措施,对今后类似工程建设提供借鉴。     

关于大庆市河蟹养殖情况的调查

文章通过对大庆市杜蒙、林句、肇源三县的实地调查，全面介绍了这些地方河蟹养殖的基本情况、突出特点，分析了河蟹养殖发展过程中存在的制约因素和问题，结合大庆市的实际情况，提出了今后发展河蟹养殖业的相关对策建议。     

西藏“一江两河”中部流域河谷沙化草地及其恢复途径探讨

“一江两河”中部流域是西藏沙漠化最为严重的地区之一，草地的沙化对于生态环境的恶化和畜牧业生产造成很大的不利影响。通过对这一地区草地的现状分析，划分了沙化草地类型，并通过示范试验结果分析，探讨了沙化草地恢复的主要措施。     

塔里木河流域“四源一干”生态环境中存在的问题及其成因分析

塔里木河是新疆南疆地区最重要的水源,被誉为“生命之河”。本文章主要针对塔里木河流域“四源一干”生态环境中存在的问题进行了探讨并分析了成因。